Vaccines for Dogs & Cats: Core vs. Non-Core

Vaccinations are one of the easiest and most effective ways to protect your pet from serious diseases. But when it comes to deciding which vaccines your pet needs, it’s not always straightforward. Core? Non-core? What’s the difference? Let’s break it down to help you understand what’s essential and what depends on your pet’s lifestyle.

What Are Core Vaccines?

Core vaccines are the must-haves—they protect against diseases that are widespread, highly contagious, and potentially life-threatening. These are recommended for every pet, regardless of age, breed, or lifestyle.

Core Vaccines for Dogs:

1. Rabies

   • Required by law in most areas.

   • Protects against a fatal disease that can affect both pets and humans.

2. DAPP/DHPP (Distemper, Adenovirus, Parvovirus, Parainfluenza)

   • This combination vaccine protects against multiple serious viruses. Distemper affects the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems. Adenovirus can lead to infectious hepatitis, and Parvovirus causes severe vomiting and diarrhea that can be fatal. Parainfluenza, while less severe, contributes to respiratory infections. Together, this vaccine is essential for keeping your dog protected from some of the most dangerous diseases.

3. Leptospirosis

   • This bacterial infection spreads through the urine of infected animals, often contaminating water or soil. Dogs can contract it by drinking or coming into contact with contaminated water. If untreated, it can lead to irreversible kidney damage, liver disease, and even death. Leptospirosis is also zoonotic, meaning it can be transmitted to humans, making vaccination critical.

Core Vaccines for Cats:

1. Rabies

   • Just like dogs, rabies vaccination is essential and often legally required.

2. FVRCP (Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis, Calicivirus, Panleukopenia)

   • This combination vaccine protects against common and serious feline diseases. Rhinotracheitis (herpesvirus) and Calicivirus cause respiratory infections, while Panleukopenia (feline distemper) is a highly contagious and often fatal disease that suppresses the immune system. Together, these diseases pose a significant risk to your cat’s health, making FVRCP a vital vaccine.

What Are Non-Core Vaccines?

Non-core vaccines are recommended based on your pet’s lifestyle, environment, and risk factors. They aren’t necessary for every pet but can be lifesaving for those at higher risk.

Non-Core Vaccines for Dogs:

1. Bordetella (Kennel Cough)

   • Bordetella is one of the bacterial culprits behind kennel cough, a highly contagious respiratory disease. While it’s classified as a non-core vaccine, it’s strongly recommended for all dogs due to the high risk of exposure—even if your pet doesn’t go to boarding facilities, grooming salons, or dog parks. Dogs can be exposed during everyday activities, like walks or playdates.

2. Canine Influenza

   • Protects against a highly contagious respiratory virus. Recommended for social or traveling dogs.

3. Lyme Disease

   • Essential for dogs in areas where ticks are prevalent. While the vaccine offers valuable protection, keeping your dog on a reliable tick prevention program is often more effective for preventing Lyme disease. A combination of the vaccine and tick prevention provides the best defense.

4. Rattlesnake Vaccine

   • Recommended for dogs living in or visiting areas where rattlesnakes are common. It helps reduce the severity of symptoms if a dog is bitten, but it doesn’t eliminate the need for immediate medical attention. If your dog is bitten, they still need to be examined and treated by a veterinarian as soon as possible.

Non-Core Vaccines for Cats:

1. Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV)

   • FeLV is primarily transmitted through close contact with an infected cat’s saliva, nasal secretions, urine, or feces. Sharing food or water bowls, grooming each other, or even a bite can spread the virus. It’s recommended for kittens and outdoor cats exposed to other cats. FeLV suppresses the immune system and can lead to severe illnesses, making vaccination critical for at-risk cats.

Are There Risks to Vaccination?

While vaccines are overwhelmingly safe, some pets may experience mild side effects or more serious allergic reactions. Here’s what to look out for:

Normal Side Effects:

• Mild swelling or soreness at the injection site.

• Lethargy or tiredness for 1-2 days.

• A slight fever.

Signs of an Allergic Reaction:

• Vomiting or diarrhea.

• Swelling around the face or hives.

• Difficulty breathing or collapsing.

If you notice any of these symptoms, take your pet to the nearest emergency veterinary hospital immediately. Severe reactions are rare but require prompt attention.

Injection Site Sarcoma in Cats

Cats are at a small risk of developing injection site sarcomas, a rare but serious type of cancer linked to certain vaccines. To minimize this risk, we only use PureVax vaccines, which are specifically designed to reduce this complication. Rest assured, your cat’s safety is always our top priority.

When Should Vaccines Be Administered?

• Puppies and Kittens: Start vaccines at 8 weeks old, with boosters at 12 weeks and 16 weeks.

• Adults: Core vaccines are updated every 1-3 years, depending on the specific vaccine.

• Senior Pets: Vaccination schedules may be adjusted based on health and lifestyle.

Why Are Vaccines So Important?

Vaccines protect not only your pet but also your family and the community. Diseases like rabies and leptospirosis can spread from pets to humans, making vaccination critical for public health. For your pet, vaccines reduce the risk of severe illness, minimize suffering, and often save lives.

Don’t Wait—Protect Your Pet Today

Vaccines are a simple way to keep your pet healthy and safe. Whether it’s their first set of shots or a booster, we’re here to make the process easy and stress-free. Schedule your pet’s vaccination appointment today and give them the protection they deserve!